Identification

• Cohort, name
  PIAMA (Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy)
  
  Cohort, abbreviation
  PIAMA
  
  Cohort, country
  Netherlands (Nederland)
  
  Cohort, website
  http://piama.iras.uu.nl/index-en.php
  
  Key reference
  Brunekreef B, Smit J, de Jongste J, Neijens H, Gerritsen J, Postma D, et al. 2002. The prevention and incidence of asthma and mite allergy (piama) birth cohort study: Design and first results. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 13 Suppl 15:55-60. Wijga AH, Kerkhof M, Gehring U, de Jongste JC, Postma DS, Aalberse RC, et al. 2014. Cohort profile: The prevention and incidence of asthma and mite allergy (piama) birth cohort. Int J Epidemiol 43:527-535.
  
  Date of filling in this questionnaire:
  2018-06-21
  
  
• Principal investigator(s), name
  Bert Brunekreef; Jet Smit
  
  Principal investigator(s), e-mail address
  b.brunekreef@uu.nl; H.A.Smit@umcutrecht.nl
  
  Principal investigator(s), institution
  Utrecht University; University Medical Center Utrecht
  
  Contact person(s), name
  Alet Wijga; Ulrike Gehring
  
  Contact person(s), e-mail address
  alet.wijga@rivm.nl; u.gehring@uu.nl
  
  Contact person(s), institution address
  Centre for Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, The Netherlands
  
  

Basic description

• Main aim of cohort
  The PIAMA study was set up (1) To investigate the effect of mite-allergen avoidance on the incidence of asthma in childhood (Intervention Study); and (2) To investigate the incidence of asthma in children from 0 to 8 years of age (Natural History Study). Main outcomes: IgE, BHR, eNO, SPT, asthma & allergy symptoms & diagnosis Main exposures: allergens, endotoxin, mould components, indoor air pollution (ETS & NO2), outdoor air pollution (from traffic), nutrition (allergens, antioxidants, fatty acids, breast feeding etc). In addition, anthropometric data have been collected since birth. In the course of the study genetic and genomic studies were incorporated also. When the study was extended beyond the originally planned 8 years, into adolescence, early markers of cardiometabolic risk were included in the study as additional health outcomes.
  
  Recruited number of:
  3963 children / 4146 mothers / 4116 fathers / 0 grand parents / 0 other family members
  
  Approximate proportion of source population included
  0
  
  Source population
  Region-based
  
  
• Period of enrollment
  Start: 1996-03-01, End: 1997-05-31
  
  Enrollment period
  Pregnancy, week  to
  
  Enrollment criteria, please specify
  PIAMA is a population-based birth cohort. Pregnant women were recruited during their second trimester from the general population through 52 antenatal clinics located in the North, West and Center of the Netherlands, resulting in a baseline study population of 3963 children born in 1996 and 1997.
  
  Planned age of children at end of follow-up
  Life-long / unrestricted

Questionnaire or registry data and biological samples

• Children
• Mothers
• Fathers

General information	---------- Child age (years) at assessment ----------
	<1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	>18
Home address	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
School address						X	X	X	X			X			X			X

Birth outcomes
Birth weight	X
Birth length	X
Gestational age at birth	X
Apgar score	X
Congenital malformations
Stillbirth (>= 22 weeks)
Child’s sex	X
Head circumference	X
Biparietal diameter

Child exposures	---------- Child age (years) at assessment ----------
	<1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	>18
Breast feeding	X	X
Diet	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X			X			X
Dietary supplements
Childcare attendance	X	X	X	X	X
Active smoking												X			X			X
Passive smoking	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X			X			X
Alcohol consumption												X			X			X
Physical activity						X		X				X			X			X
Substance use												X			X			X
Medicine intake		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X			X			X
Vaccinations		X	X									X
Psychological distress (e.g. bullying)												X			X
Air pollution	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Access to green spaces	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Built environment
Noise	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Radiation, electromagnetic fields
Water contamination
Pets	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X			X			X
Farm animal exposure						X	X	X	X			X
Biomarkers of exposure
Mercury
Lead
Cadmium
Arsenic
Other metals
Polychlorinated biphenyl esters
Dicloro difenil tricloroetano
Hexachlorobenzene
Brominated flame retardants
Perflouralkyl compounds
Bisphenol A
Other bisphenols
Parabens
Benzophenones
Triclosan
Phthalates
Cotinine

Child development and health	---------- Child age (years) at assessment ----------
	<1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	>18
Anthropometry
Weight	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X			X			X		X	X
Height	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X			X			X		X	X
Head circumference	X
Abdominal circumference
Arm circumference													X				X
Wrist circumference
Waist circumference									X				X				X
Clinical examinations
Blood pressure													X				X
Carotida intima media thickness																	X
Pulse wave velocity
Cardiac ultrasound
Renal ultrasound
Brain MRI
Other MRI
DEXA‐scan results
Skin folds
Bio impedence
Oscilometry
Spirometry									X				X				X
Skin prick test									X
Bronchial challenge test									X								X
Reversibility test
Dental observations
Mental and neurological development
Cognitive function
School performance												X			X
Language
ADHD												X			X			X
Autism															X
Sleep disturbances												X			X			X
Mental health												X			X			X
Respiratory health
Asthma		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X			X			X
Allergy		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X			X			X
Allergic rhinitis		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X			X			X
Eczema		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X			X			X
Respiratory tract infections		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X			X			X
Senses
Vision
Hearing
Musculo-skeletal health
Back pain												X			X			X
Neck pain												X			X			X
Growing pains
Sexual maturation
Tanner stage
Pubertal development stage												X			X			X
Age at menarche												X			X			X
Age at voice change
2D/4D digit ratio
Nocturnal ejaculation
Acne
Other health outcomes
Cancer
Diabetes									X			X			X			X
Congenital anomalies
Biomarkers of health
Nephrology (e.g. creatinine, albumin)
Thyroid hormones
Inflammatory markers (e.g. C-reactive protein cytokines)									X
Immunologic markers (e.g. immunoglobulines)		X			X				X				X				X
Cortisol													X
Vitamines and micronutrients
Gonadal axis hormones (e.g. testosterone, estradiol)
Metabolism (e.g. cholesterol, LDL, HDL, insulin, triglycerides)													X				X
Metabolomics
DNA methylation					X				X								X
Transcriptomics (mRNA, miRNA)																	X
Genome-wide association study (GWAS)									X								X

Child biological samples	---------- Child age (years) at sampling ----------
	At birth	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	>18
Whole blood
Serum						X				X				X				X
Plasma														X				X
Buffy coat
Urine
Hair
Teeth
Nails
Saliva														X
Purified DNA
Purified RNA
Red blood cells
Umbilical cord blood/tissue
Blood smear
Faeces/meconium
Exhaled breathe condensate
Sputum induction
Placenta

General information
	Pre-pregnancy	During pregnancy	<1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Education
Income
Employment status
Job title
Single parenthood
Home address
Work address

Maternal characteristics related to the index pregnancy/child
Age at birth
Ethnicity
Country of birth
Planned pregnancy
Time to pregnancy
Fertility treatment
Prior spontaneous abortion (<22w)
Prior births
Ultrasound measurements
Doppler measurements
Preeclampsia
Gestational diabetes
Gestational hypertension
Gestational duration
Mode of delivery
Prenatal diagnostics
Medical termination of pregnancy

Maternal Exposures	---------- Timing of assessment ----------
	Pre-pregnancy	First trimester	Second trimester	Third trimester	Post pregnancy
Diet
Dietary supplements
Active smoking
Passive smoking
Alcohol consumption
Physical activity
Substance use
Medicine intake
Coffee drinking
Psychological distress (e.g. life-events, health behaviors, perceived stress)
Occupational exposures
Heavy lifts
Work hours
Air pollution
Access to green spaces
Built environment
Noise
Radiation, electromagnetic fields
Water contamination
Binge drinking
Pets
Farm animal exposure
Biomarkers of exposure
Mercury
Lead
Cadmium
Arsenic
Other metals
Polychlorinated biphenyl esters
Dicloro difenil tricloroetano
Hexachlorobenzene
Brominated flame retardants
Perflouralkyl compounds
Bisphenol A
Other bisphenols
Parabens
Benzophenones
Triclosan
Phthalates
Cotinine

Maternal health	---------- Timing of assessment ----------
	Pre-pregnancy	First trimester	Second trimester	Third trimester	Post pregnancy
Anthropometry
Weight
Height
Waist circumference
Clinical examinations
Blood pressure
Carotida intima media thickness
Pulse wave velocity
DEXA scans
Bioimpedence
Mental and neurological development
Mental health
Cognitive function (e.g. intelligence quotient)
Respiratory health
Asthma
Allergy
Musculo‐skeletal disease
Back pain
Neck pain
Arthritis
Other health outcomes
Cancer
Diabetes
Cardio‐vascular disease
Family history of chronic disease
Infectious disease
Fever
Autoimmune disease
Urinary symptoms
Sexual problems
Sleep disturbance
Biomarkers of health
Nephrology (e.g. creatinine, albumin)
Thyroid hormones
Inflammatory markers (e.g. C-reactive protein cytokines)
Immunologic markers (e.g. immunoglobulines)
Cortisol
Vitamines and micronutrients
Gonadal axis hormones (e.g. testosterone, estradiol)
Metabolism (e.g. cholesterol, LDL, HDL, insulin, triglycerides)
Metabolomics
DNA methylation
Transcriptomics (mRNA, miRNA)
Genome-wide association study (GWAS)

Maternal biological samples	---------- Timing of sampling ----------
	Pre-pregnancy	First trimester	Second trimester	Third trimester	Post pregnancy
Breast milk
Whole blood
Serum
Plasma
Buffy coat
Urine
Hair
Nails
Saliva
Purified DNA
Purified RNA
Red blood cells
Faeces

General information
	Pre-pregnancy	During pregnancy	<1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Education
Income
Employment status
Job title
Single parenthood
Home address
Work address

Paternal characteristics related to the index pregnancy/child
Fertility treatment
Age at child's birth
Ethnicity
Country of birth

Paternal exposures	---------- Timing of assessment ----------
	Pre-pregnancy	During pregnancy	Post pregnancy
Diet
Dietary supplements
Active smoking
Passive smoking
Alcohol consumption
Physical activity
Substance use
Medicine intake
Coffee drinking
Psychological distress (e.g. life-events, health behaviors, perceived stress)
Occupational exposures
Heavy lifts
Work hours
Air pollution
Access to green spaces
Built environment
Noise
Radiation, electromagnetic fields
Water contamination
Binge drinking
Pets
Farm animal exposure
Biomarkers of exposure
Mercury
Lead
Cadmium
Arsenic
Other metals
Polychlorinated biphenyl esters
Dicloro difenil tricloroetano
Hexachlorobenzene
Brominated flame retardants
Perflouralkyl compounds
Bisphenol A
Other bisphenols
Parabens
Benzophenones
Triclosan
Phthalates
Cotinine

Paternal health	---------- Timing of assessment ----------
	Pre-pregnancy	During pregnancy	Post pregnancy
Anthropometry
Weight
Height
Waist circumference
Clinical examinations
Blood pressure
Carotida intima media thickness
Pulse wave velocity
DEXA scans
Bio impedence
Mental and neurological development
Mental health
Cognitive function (e.g. intelligence quotient)
Respiratory health
Asthma
Allergy
Musculo‐skeletal disease
Back pain
Neck pain
Arthritis
Other health outcomes
Cancer
Diabetes
Cardio‐vascular disease
Family history of chronic disease
Infectious disease
Fever
Autoimmune disease
Urinary symptoms
Sexual problems
Sleep disturbance
Biomarkers of health
Nephrology (e.g. creatinine, albumin)
Thyroid hormones
Inflammatory markers (e.g. C-reactive protein cytokines)
Immunologic markers (e.g. immunoglobulines)
Cortisol
Vitamines and micronutrients
Gonadal axis hormones (e.g. testosterone, estradiol)
Metabolism (e.g. cholesterol, LDL, HDL, insulin, triglycerides)
Metabolomics
DNA methylation
Transcriptomics (mRNA, miRNA)
Genome-wide association study (GWAS)

Paternal biological samples	---------- Timing of sampling ----------
	Pre-pregnancy	During pregnancy	Post pregnancy
Semen
Whole blood
Serum
Plasma
Buffy coat
Urine
Hair
Nails
Saliva
Purified DNA
Purified RNA
Red blood cells
Faeces

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Comments and ideas