- Cohort, name
The Raine Study
Cohort, abbreviation
The Raine Study
Cohort, country
Australia
Cohort, website
https://www.rainestudy.org.au
Date of filling in this questionnaire:
2021-04-13 - Principal investigator(s), name
Professor Romola Bucks and Associate Professor Rebecca Glauert
Principal investigator(s), e-mail address
rainestudyscience@uwa.edu.au
Principal investigator(s), institution
The University of Western Australia
Contact person(s), name
Dr Juliana Zabatiero
Contact person(s), e-mail address
rainestudyscience@uwa.edu.au
Contact person(s), institution address
The University of Western Australia, School of Population and Global Health | 14-16 Parkway Crawley WA 6009
- Main aim of cohort
The Raine Study is a multi-generational life-course study utilising rich genetic, phenotypic (cardiometabolic, respiratory, immunological, musculoskeletal, psychological, hormonal, reproductive, vision, hearing), behavioural (sleep, activity, diet, risky behaviour), environmental (chemical, spatial, social) and education and work data. Our mission is to improve lifelong health and quality of life through ground-breaking impactful research that examines influences, pathways and outcomes from before birth and throughout life's course.
Recruited number of:
2868 children / 2900 mothers / 2900 fathers / 0 grand parents / 0 other family members
Approximate proportion of source population included
0
Source population
Region-based - Period of enrollment
Start: 1989-05-01, End: 1991-11-30
Enrollment period
Pregnancy, week 16 to 18
Enrollment criteria, please specify
16-20 weeks pregnant, sufficient proficiency in English, attending the public antenatal clinic at King Edward Memorial Hospital or a nearby private practice clinic, expect to deliver at the hospital, and intend to remain in Western Australia
Planned age of children at end of follow-up
Life-long / unrestricted
General information | ---------- Child age (years) at assessment ---------- | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | >18 | |
Home address | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
School address |
Birth outcomes | |
---|---|
Birth weight | X |
Birth length | X |
Gestational age at birth | X |
Apgar score | |
Congenital malformations | X |
Stillbirth (>= 22 weeks) | |
Child’s sex | X |
Head circumference | |
Biparietal diameter |
Child exposures | ---------- Child age (years) at assessment ---------- | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | >18 | |
Breast feeding | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
Diet | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Dietary supplements | ||||||||||||||||||||
Childcare attendance | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
Active smoking | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Passive smoking | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
Alcohol consumption | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Physical activity | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
Substance use | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Medicine intake | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||
Vaccinations | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
Psychological distress (e.g. bullying) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Air pollution | ||||||||||||||||||||
Access to green spaces | ||||||||||||||||||||
Built environment | ||||||||||||||||||||
Noise | ||||||||||||||||||||
Radiation, electromagnetic fields | ||||||||||||||||||||
Water contamination | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pets | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Farm animal exposure | ||||||||||||||||||||
Biomarkers of exposure | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mercury | ||||||||||||||||||||
Lead | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cadmium | ||||||||||||||||||||
Arsenic | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other metals | ||||||||||||||||||||
Polychlorinated biphenyl esters | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dicloro difenil tricloroetano | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hexachlorobenzene | ||||||||||||||||||||
Brominated flame retardants | ||||||||||||||||||||
Perflouralkyl compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bisphenol A | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other bisphenols | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parabens | ||||||||||||||||||||
Benzophenones | ||||||||||||||||||||
Triclosan | ||||||||||||||||||||
Phthalates | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cotinine |
Child development and health | ---------- Child age (years) at assessment ---------- | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | >18 | |
Anthropometry | ||||||||||||||||||||
Weight | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||
Height | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||
Head circumference | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Abdominal circumference | ||||||||||||||||||||
Arm circumference | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||
Wrist circumference | ||||||||||||||||||||
Waist circumference | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Clinical examinations | ||||||||||||||||||||
Blood pressure | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
Carotida intima media thickness | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pulse wave velocity | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Cardiac ultrasound | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Renal ultrasound | ||||||||||||||||||||
Brain MRI | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other MRI | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
DEXA‐scan results | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Skin folds | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||
Bio impedence | ||||||||||||||||||||
Oscilometry | ||||||||||||||||||||
Spirometry | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
Skin prick test | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bronchial challenge test | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reversibility test | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dental observations | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mental and neurological development | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cognitive function | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
School performance | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Language | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
ADHD | ||||||||||||||||||||
Autism | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Sleep disturbances | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Mental health | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Respiratory health | ||||||||||||||||||||
Asthma | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||
Allergy | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||
Allergic rhinitis | ||||||||||||||||||||
Eczema | ||||||||||||||||||||
Respiratory tract infections | ||||||||||||||||||||
Senses | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vision | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
Hearing | ||||||||||||||||||||
Musculo-skeletal health | ||||||||||||||||||||
Back pain | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Neck pain | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Growing pains | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sexual maturation | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tanner stage | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pubertal development stage | ||||||||||||||||||||
Age at menarche | ||||||||||||||||||||
Age at voice change | ||||||||||||||||||||
2D/4D digit ratio | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Nocturnal ejaculation | ||||||||||||||||||||
Acne | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other health outcomes | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cancer | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Diabetes | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Congenital anomalies | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Biomarkers of health | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nephrology (e.g. creatinine, albumin) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Thyroid hormones | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Inflammatory markers (e.g. C-reactive protein cytokines) | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Immunologic markers (e.g. immunoglobulines) | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Cortisol | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Vitamines and micronutrients | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Gonadal axis hormones (e.g. testosterone, estradiol) | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Metabolism (e.g. cholesterol, LDL, HDL, insulin, triglycerides) | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Metabolomics | ||||||||||||||||||||
DNA methylation | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Transcriptomics (mRNA, miRNA) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) | X | X |
Child biological samples | ---------- Child age (years) at sampling ---------- | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At birth | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | >18 | |
Whole blood | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
Serum | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
Plasma | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Buffy coat | |||||||||||||||||||||
Urine | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Hair | |||||||||||||||||||||
Teeth | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nails | |||||||||||||||||||||
Saliva | |||||||||||||||||||||
Purified DNA | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Purified RNA | |||||||||||||||||||||
Red blood cells | |||||||||||||||||||||
Umbilical cord blood/tissue | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Blood smear | |||||||||||||||||||||
Faeces/meconium | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Exhaled breathe condensate | |||||||||||||||||||||
Sputum induction | |||||||||||||||||||||
Placenta |
General information | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | During pregnancy | <1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
Education | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||
Employment status | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||
Job title | |||||||||||||||||||||
Single parenthood | |||||||||||||||||||||
Home address | |||||||||||||||||||||
Work address |
Maternal characteristics related to the index pregnancy/child | |
---|---|
Age at birth | X |
Ethnicity | X |
Country of birth | X |
Planned pregnancy | X |
Time to pregnancy | X |
Fertility treatment | |
Prior spontaneous abortion (<22w) | |
Prior births | X |
Ultrasound measurements | X |
Doppler measurements | X |
Preeclampsia | X |
Gestational diabetes | X |
Gestational hypertension | X |
Gestational duration | |
Mode of delivery | X |
Prenatal diagnostics | |
Medical termination of pregnancy |
Maternal Exposures | ---------- Timing of assessment ---------- | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | First trimester | Second trimester | Third trimester | Post pregnancy | |
Diet | X | ||||
Dietary supplements | |||||
Active smoking | X | ||||
Passive smoking | |||||
Alcohol consumption | X | ||||
Physical activity | X | ||||
Substance use | X | ||||
Medicine intake | X | ||||
Coffee drinking | X | ||||
Psychological distress (e.g. life-events, health behaviors, perceived stress) | X | ||||
Occupational exposures | |||||
Heavy lifts | |||||
Work hours | |||||
Air pollution | |||||
Access to green spaces | |||||
Built environment | |||||
Noise | |||||
Radiation, electromagnetic fields | |||||
Water contamination | |||||
Binge drinking | |||||
Pets | X | ||||
Farm animal exposure | |||||
Biomarkers of exposure | |||||
Mercury | |||||
Lead | |||||
Cadmium | |||||
Arsenic | |||||
Other metals | |||||
Polychlorinated biphenyl esters | |||||
Dicloro difenil tricloroetano | |||||
Hexachlorobenzene | |||||
Brominated flame retardants | |||||
Perflouralkyl compounds | |||||
Bisphenol A | |||||
Other bisphenols | |||||
Parabens | |||||
Benzophenones | |||||
Triclosan | |||||
Phthalates | X | ||||
Cotinine |
Maternal health | ---------- Timing of assessment ---------- | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | First trimester | Second trimester | Third trimester | Post pregnancy | |
Anthropometry | |||||
Weight | X | ||||
Height | X | ||||
Waist circumference | |||||
Clinical examinations | |||||
Blood pressure | |||||
Carotida intima media thickness | |||||
Pulse wave velocity | |||||
DEXA scans | |||||
Bioimpedence | |||||
Mental and neurological development | |||||
Mental health | |||||
Cognitive function (e.g. intelligence quotient) | |||||
Respiratory health | |||||
Asthma | |||||
Allergy | |||||
Musculo‐skeletal disease | |||||
Back pain | |||||
Neck pain | |||||
Arthritis | |||||
Other health outcomes | |||||
Cancer | |||||
Diabetes | X | ||||
Cardio‐vascular disease | |||||
Family history of chronic disease | |||||
Infectious disease | |||||
Fever | |||||
Autoimmune disease | |||||
Urinary symptoms | |||||
Sexual problems | |||||
Sleep disturbance | |||||
Biomarkers of health | |||||
Nephrology (e.g. creatinine, albumin) | |||||
Thyroid hormones | X | ||||
Inflammatory markers (e.g. C-reactive protein cytokines) | |||||
Immunologic markers (e.g. immunoglobulines) | |||||
Cortisol | |||||
Vitamines and micronutrients | X | ||||
Gonadal axis hormones (e.g. testosterone, estradiol) | |||||
Metabolism (e.g. cholesterol, LDL, HDL, insulin, triglycerides) | |||||
Metabolomics | |||||
DNA methylation | |||||
Transcriptomics (mRNA, miRNA) | |||||
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) |
Maternal biological samples | ---------- Timing of sampling ---------- | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | First trimester | Second trimester | Third trimester | Post pregnancy | |
Breast milk | |||||
Whole blood | |||||
Serum | |||||
Plasma | |||||
Buffy coat | |||||
Urine | |||||
Hair | |||||
Nails | |||||
Saliva | |||||
Purified DNA | |||||
Purified RNA | |||||
Red blood cells | |||||
Faeces |
General information | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | During pregnancy | <1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
Education | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Employment status | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
Job title | |||||||||||||||||||||
Single parenthood | |||||||||||||||||||||
Home address | |||||||||||||||||||||
Work address |
Paternal characteristics related to the index pregnancy/child | |
---|---|
Fertility treatment | |
Age at child's birth | X |
Ethnicity | X |
Country of birth |
Paternal exposures | ---------- Timing of assessment ---------- | ||
---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | During pregnancy | Post pregnancy | |
Diet | |||
Dietary supplements | |||
Active smoking | |||
Passive smoking | |||
Alcohol consumption | |||
Physical activity | |||
Substance use | |||
Medicine intake | |||
Coffee drinking | |||
Psychological distress (e.g. life-events, health behaviors, perceived stress) | |||
Occupational exposures | |||
Heavy lifts | |||
Work hours | |||
Air pollution | |||
Access to green spaces | |||
Built environment | |||
Noise | |||
Radiation, electromagnetic fields | |||
Water contamination | |||
Binge drinking | |||
Pets | |||
Farm animal exposure | |||
Biomarkers of exposure | |||
Mercury | |||
Lead | |||
Cadmium | |||
Arsenic | |||
Other metals | |||
Polychlorinated biphenyl esters | |||
Dicloro difenil tricloroetano | |||
Hexachlorobenzene | |||
Brominated flame retardants | |||
Perflouralkyl compounds | |||
Bisphenol A | |||
Other bisphenols | |||
Parabens | |||
Benzophenones | |||
Triclosan | |||
Phthalates | |||
Cotinine |
Paternal health | ---------- Timing of assessment ---------- | ||
---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | During pregnancy | Post pregnancy | |
Anthropometry | |||
Weight | X | ||
Height | X | ||
Waist circumference | |||
Clinical examinations | |||
Blood pressure | |||
Carotida intima media thickness | |||
Pulse wave velocity | |||
DEXA scans | |||
Bio impedence | |||
Mental and neurological development | |||
Mental health | |||
Cognitive function (e.g. intelligence quotient) | |||
Respiratory health | |||
Asthma | |||
Allergy | |||
Musculo‐skeletal disease | |||
Back pain | |||
Neck pain | |||
Arthritis | |||
Other health outcomes | |||
Cancer | |||
Diabetes | |||
Cardio‐vascular disease | |||
Family history of chronic disease | |||
Infectious disease | |||
Fever | |||
Autoimmune disease | |||
Urinary symptoms | |||
Sexual problems | |||
Sleep disturbance | |||
Biomarkers of health | |||
Nephrology (e.g. creatinine, albumin) | |||
Thyroid hormones | |||
Inflammatory markers (e.g. C-reactive protein cytokines) | |||
Immunologic markers (e.g. immunoglobulines) | |||
Cortisol | |||
Vitamines and micronutrients | |||
Gonadal axis hormones (e.g. testosterone, estradiol) | |||
Metabolism (e.g. cholesterol, LDL, HDL, insulin, triglycerides) | |||
Metabolomics | |||
DNA methylation | |||
Transcriptomics (mRNA, miRNA) | |||
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) |
Paternal biological samples | ---------- Timing of sampling ---------- | ||
---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | During pregnancy | Post pregnancy | |
Semen | |||
Whole blood | |||
Serum | |||
Plasma | |||
Buffy coat | |||
Urine | |||
Hair | |||
Nails | |||
Saliva | |||
Purified DNA | |||
Purified RNA | |||
Red blood cells | |||
Faeces |
Comments and ideas
Summary: In 1989 Professor John Newnham and colleagues invited more than 3000 pregnant women to join a National Health and Medical Research Council funded research study at King Edward Memorial Hospital to examine the possible beneficial effects of repeated fetal ultrasound imaging studies. Women were allocated at random into one of two groups – Regular Care or Intensive Care. Those in the Regular Care group had a single ultrasound imaging study at 18 weeks gestation, with further scans only if clinically indicated. The women in the Intensive Care group had ultrasound scans at 18, 24, 28, 34 and 38 weeks gestation. Along with Professor Newnham, a group of prominent investigators (Professor Fiona Stanley, Professor Lou Landau and Professor Con Michael) formed a group to establish these families into a cohort study, focusing on the child, to determine how events during pregnancy and childhood influence health in later life. This was initially supported with funding from the Raine Medical Research Foundation. The original cohort of 2868 children (Generation 2), is one of the largest, most successful prospective cohorts of pregnancy, childhood, adolescence and now adulthood to be carried out anywhere in the world. This cohort has provided environmental, developmental and health information over the past 30 years providing a unique and valuable resource covering a wide range of health areas. Follow-up assessment of the main participants (Generation 2 - Gen2) has been conducted at birth, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, 18, 20, 22, 27 and currently 28 years of age by a collaborative team of researchers from The University of Western Australia, Curtin University, Edith Cowan University, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Murdoch University, The Raine Medical Research Foundation, Women and Infants Research Foundation, Telethon Kids Institute, the Lyons Eye Institute, and many other national and international collaborators. The original parents (Generation 1 - Gen1) participated in the assessments as well, providing information about their children and about themselves until Gen2 was 17 years old. Generation 1 has for the first time participated in an exclusive Gen1 follow-up when Gen2 was aged 26 year and completed general questionnaires and assessments such as sleep, obesity and activity. In addition, the off-spring (Generation 3 - Gen3) of the original cohort (Gen2) have recently participated in assessments of developmental ability and physical activity. Currently, the grandparents of Gen2 (Generation 0 - Gen0) are involved in a sub-study investigating breast density.
Summary: In 1989 Professor John Newnham and colleagues invited more than 3000 pregnant women to join a National Health and Medical Research Council funded research study at King Edward Memorial Hospital to examine the possible beneficial effects of repeated fetal ultrasound imaging studies. Women were allocated at random into one of two groups – Regular Care or Intensive Care. Those in the Regular Care group had a single ultrasound imaging study at 18 weeks gestation, with further scans only if clinically indicated. The women in the Intensive Care group had ultrasound scans at 18, 24, 28, 34 and 38 weeks gestation. Along with Professor Newnham, a group of prominent investigators (Professor Fiona Stanley, Professor Lou Landau and Professor Con Michael) formed a group to establish these families into a cohort study, focusing on the child, to determine how events during pregnancy and childhood influence health in later life. This was initially supported with funding from the Raine Medical Research Foundation. The original cohort of 2868 children (Generation 2), is one of the largest, most successful prospective cohorts of pregnancy, childhood, adolescence and now adulthood to be carried out anywhere in the world. This cohort has provided environmental, developmental and health information over the past 30 years providing a unique and valuable resource covering a wide range of health areas. Follow-up assessment of the main participants (Generation 2 - Gen2) has been conducted at birth, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, 18, 20, 22, 27 and currently 28 years of age by a collaborative team of researchers from The University of Western Australia, Curtin University, Edith Cowan University, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Murdoch University, The Raine Medical Research Foundation, Women and Infants Research Foundation, Telethon Kids Institute, the Lyons Eye Institute, and many other national and international collaborators. The original parents (Generation 1 - Gen1) participated in the assessments as well, providing information about their children and about themselves until Gen2 was 17 years old. Generation 1 has for the first time participated in an exclusive Gen1 follow-up when Gen2 was aged 26 year and completed general questionnaires and assessments such as sleep, obesity and activity. In addition, the off-spring (Generation 3 - Gen3) of the original cohort (Gen2) have recently participated in assessments of developmental ability and physical activity. Currently, the grandparents of Gen2 (Generation 0 - Gen0) are involved in a sub-study investigating breast density.