- Cohort, name
Slovak PCB study
Cohort, abbreviation
Cohort, country
Slovakia (Slovensko)
Date of filling in this questionnaire:
2012-05-10 - Principal investigator(s), name
Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Tomas Trnovec
Principal investigator(s), e-mail address
ihp@phs.ucdavis.edu; tomas.trnovec@szu.sk
Principal investigator(s), institution
University of California, Davis; Slovak Medical University, Bratislava
Contact person(s), name
Irva Hertz-Picciotto
Contact person(s), e-mail address
ihp@phs.ucdavis.edu
Contact person(s), institution address
University of California, Davis; National Insitute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH
- Main aim of cohort
1- to describe the distributions in this population of concentrations of PCB congeners in cord and maternal serum collected at birth and in infant serum collected at 6 and 16 months of age, the distributions of PCDDs/PCDFs (polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and –furans) and coplanar PCBs in serum/breastmilk, and the distributions of PCB-OH metabolites and PCB-MeSO2 metabolites in maternal serum/breastmilk; 2- to examine the hypothesis that higher exposures to PCB/PCDF/PCDDs or metabolites of PCBs in the prenatal period are associated with alterations in cellular immune parameters (immunophenotypes of lymphocytes including B, T, NK, CD4+ and CD8+ cells) measured in cord blood, and with reduced thymic size at birth; 3- to examine the hypothesis that higher exposures to PCB/PCDF/PCDDs or metabolites of PCBs in the prenatal or postnatal period are associated with: (a) lymphocyte subset alterations in the child at 6 and 16 months; (b) post-vaccination antibody titers to diphtheria and tetanus at 6 months; (c) general immunoglobulins at 16 months; and (d) reduced thymic size at 6 months and 16 months; 4- to examine the hypothesis that higher exposures to PCB/PCDF/PCDDs or metabolites of PCBs in the prenatal or postnatal period are associated with increased incidence of childhood morbidity from otitis media and from lower respiratory infections between birth and 16 months of age; 5- to examine the hypothesis that higher exposures to PCB/PCDF/PCDDs or metabolites of PCBs in the prenatal or postnatal period are associated with deficits in neurodevelopment, including hearing, motor, and cognitive impairment (relating measurements at birth to prenatal exposures, and later measurements to prenatal or postnatal exposures); 6- to examine the hypothesis that higher exposures to PCB/PCDF/PCDDs or metabolites of PCBs in the prenatal period are associated with intrauterine growth retardation, and in the prenatal or postnatal period, with deficits in early childhood growth, particularly in males, and whether growth deficit at birth is a marker for greater susceptibility to organochlorine induced effects on other outcomes listed above; 7- to examine the hypothesis that higher exposures to PCB/PCDF/PCDDs or metabolites of PCBs in the prenatal period are associated with alterations in thyroid hormones in early life.
Recruited number of:
1134 children / 1134 mothers / 0 fathers / 0 grand parents / 0 other family members
Approximate proportion of source population included
0
Source population
Region-based - Period of enrollment
Start: 2002-00-00, End: 2004-00-00
Enrollment period
At birth to
Enrollment criteria, please specify
Pregnant women were recruited for this study at the time of their admittance to the hospital for delivery. Recruitment occurred between 2002 and 2004 in two districts of eastern Slovakia: Michalovce, a region with substantial environmental contamination due to past manufacturing; and Svidnik, a region located approximately 70 km to the northwest, with less environmental contamination and lower serum PCB concentrations among inhabitants. Because each district has only one hospital, the vast majority of births to residents in these two districts occur in these hospitals.
Exclusion criteria, please specify
We excluded mothers who had more than four previous births, who were < 18 years of age at the time of delivery, who reported residing < 5 years in either district, or who had a major illness during pregnancy. Infants with severe birth defects were also excluded.
Planned age of children at end of follow-up
General information | ---------- Child age (years) at assessment ---------- | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | >18 | |
Home address | ||||||||||||||||||||
School address |
Birth outcomes | |
---|---|
Birth weight | X |
Birth length | X |
Gestational age at birth | X |
Apgar score | X |
Congenital malformations | |
Stillbirth (>= 22 weeks) | |
Child’s sex | X |
Head circumference | |
Biparietal diameter |
Child exposures | ---------- Child age (years) at assessment ---------- | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | >18 | |
Breast feeding | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
Diet | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||||
Dietary supplements | ||||||||||||||||||||
Childcare attendance | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Active smoking | ||||||||||||||||||||
Passive smoking | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||||||||
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||||||||||
Physical activity | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Substance use | ||||||||||||||||||||
Medicine intake | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vaccinations | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
Psychological distress (e.g. bullying) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Air pollution | ||||||||||||||||||||
Access to green spaces | ||||||||||||||||||||
Built environment | ||||||||||||||||||||
Noise | ||||||||||||||||||||
Radiation, electromagnetic fields | ||||||||||||||||||||
Water contamination | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pets | ||||||||||||||||||||
Farm animal exposure | ||||||||||||||||||||
Biomarkers of exposure | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mercury | ||||||||||||||||||||
Lead | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cadmium | ||||||||||||||||||||
Arsenic | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other metals | ||||||||||||||||||||
Polychlorinated biphenyl esters | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dicloro difenil tricloroetano | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hexachlorobenzene | ||||||||||||||||||||
Brominated flame retardants | ||||||||||||||||||||
Perflouralkyl compounds | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bisphenol A | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other bisphenols | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parabens | ||||||||||||||||||||
Benzophenones | ||||||||||||||||||||
Triclosan | ||||||||||||||||||||
Phthalates | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cotinine |
Child development and health | ---------- Child age (years) at assessment ---------- | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | >18 | |
Anthropometry | ||||||||||||||||||||
Weight | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Height | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Head circumference | X | X | ||||||||||||||||||
Abdominal circumference | ||||||||||||||||||||
Arm circumference | ||||||||||||||||||||
Wrist circumference | ||||||||||||||||||||
Waist circumference | ||||||||||||||||||||
Clinical examinations | ||||||||||||||||||||
Blood pressure | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Carotida intima media thickness | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pulse wave velocity | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cardiac ultrasound | ||||||||||||||||||||
Renal ultrasound | ||||||||||||||||||||
Brain MRI | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other MRI | ||||||||||||||||||||
DEXA‐scan results | ||||||||||||||||||||
Skin folds | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bio impedence | ||||||||||||||||||||
Oscilometry | ||||||||||||||||||||
Spirometry | ||||||||||||||||||||
Skin prick test | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bronchial challenge test | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reversibility test | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dental observations | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mental and neurological development | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cognitive function | X | X | X | |||||||||||||||||
School performance | ||||||||||||||||||||
Language | ||||||||||||||||||||
ADHD | ||||||||||||||||||||
Autism | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sleep disturbances | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mental health | ||||||||||||||||||||
Respiratory health | ||||||||||||||||||||
Asthma | ||||||||||||||||||||
Allergy | ||||||||||||||||||||
Allergic rhinitis | ||||||||||||||||||||
Eczema | ||||||||||||||||||||
Respiratory tract infections | ||||||||||||||||||||
Senses | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vision | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hearing | ||||||||||||||||||||
Musculo-skeletal health | ||||||||||||||||||||
Back pain | ||||||||||||||||||||
Neck pain | ||||||||||||||||||||
Growing pains | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sexual maturation | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tanner stage | ||||||||||||||||||||
Pubertal development stage | ||||||||||||||||||||
Age at menarche | ||||||||||||||||||||
Age at voice change | ||||||||||||||||||||
2D/4D digit ratio | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nocturnal ejaculation | ||||||||||||||||||||
Acne | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other health outcomes | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cancer | ||||||||||||||||||||
Diabetes | ||||||||||||||||||||
Congenital anomalies | ||||||||||||||||||||
Biomarkers of health | ||||||||||||||||||||
Nephrology (e.g. creatinine, albumin) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Thyroid hormones | ||||||||||||||||||||
Inflammatory markers (e.g. C-reactive protein cytokines) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Immunologic markers (e.g. immunoglobulines) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cortisol | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vitamines and micronutrients | ||||||||||||||||||||
Gonadal axis hormones (e.g. testosterone, estradiol) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Metabolism (e.g. cholesterol, LDL, HDL, insulin, triglycerides) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Metabolomics | ||||||||||||||||||||
DNA methylation | ||||||||||||||||||||
Transcriptomics (mRNA, miRNA) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) |
Child biological samples | ---------- Child age (years) at sampling ---------- | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
At birth | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | >18 | |
Whole blood | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Serum | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||||||
Plasma | |||||||||||||||||||||
Buffy coat | |||||||||||||||||||||
Urine | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hair | |||||||||||||||||||||
Teeth | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nails | |||||||||||||||||||||
Saliva | |||||||||||||||||||||
Purified DNA | |||||||||||||||||||||
Purified RNA | |||||||||||||||||||||
Red blood cells | |||||||||||||||||||||
Umbilical cord blood/tissue | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Blood smear | |||||||||||||||||||||
Faeces/meconium | |||||||||||||||||||||
Exhaled breathe condensate | |||||||||||||||||||||
Sputum induction | |||||||||||||||||||||
Placenta |
General information | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | During pregnancy | <1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
Education | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Income | |||||||||||||||||||||
Employment status | |||||||||||||||||||||
Job title | |||||||||||||||||||||
Single parenthood | X | ||||||||||||||||||||
Home address | |||||||||||||||||||||
Work address |
Maternal characteristics related to the index pregnancy/child | |
---|---|
Age at birth | X |
Ethnicity | X |
Country of birth | |
Planned pregnancy | |
Time to pregnancy | |
Fertility treatment | |
Prior spontaneous abortion (<22w) | |
Prior births | X |
Ultrasound measurements | |
Doppler measurements | |
Preeclampsia | |
Gestational diabetes | |
Gestational hypertension | |
Gestational duration | X |
Mode of delivery | X |
Prenatal diagnostics | |
Medical termination of pregnancy |
Maternal Exposures | ---------- Timing of assessment ---------- | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | First trimester | Second trimester | Third trimester | Post pregnancy | |
Diet | X | X | X | ||
Dietary supplements | X | X | X | ||
Active smoking | X | X | X | X | |
Passive smoking | X | X | X | X | |
Alcohol consumption | X | X | X | X | |
Physical activity | |||||
Substance use | |||||
Medicine intake | X | X | X | ||
Coffee drinking | |||||
Psychological distress (e.g. life-events, health behaviors, perceived stress) | |||||
Occupational exposures | X | X | X | X | X |
Heavy lifts | |||||
Work hours | |||||
Air pollution | |||||
Access to green spaces | |||||
Built environment | |||||
Noise | |||||
Radiation, electromagnetic fields | |||||
Water contamination | |||||
Binge drinking | |||||
Pets | |||||
Farm animal exposure | |||||
Biomarkers of exposure | |||||
Mercury | |||||
Lead | |||||
Cadmium | |||||
Arsenic | |||||
Other metals | |||||
Polychlorinated biphenyl esters | |||||
Dicloro difenil tricloroetano | |||||
Hexachlorobenzene | |||||
Brominated flame retardants | |||||
Perflouralkyl compounds | |||||
Bisphenol A | |||||
Other bisphenols | |||||
Parabens | |||||
Benzophenones | |||||
Triclosan | |||||
Phthalates | |||||
Cotinine |
Maternal health | ---------- Timing of assessment ---------- | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | First trimester | Second trimester | Third trimester | Post pregnancy | |
Anthropometry | |||||
Weight | X | X | X | X | |
Height | X | ||||
Waist circumference | |||||
Clinical examinations | |||||
Blood pressure | |||||
Carotida intima media thickness | |||||
Pulse wave velocity | |||||
DEXA scans | |||||
Bioimpedence | |||||
Mental and neurological development | |||||
Mental health | |||||
Cognitive function (e.g. intelligence quotient) | |||||
Respiratory health | |||||
Asthma | |||||
Allergy | |||||
Musculo‐skeletal disease | |||||
Back pain | |||||
Neck pain | |||||
Arthritis | |||||
Other health outcomes | |||||
Cancer | |||||
Diabetes | |||||
Cardio‐vascular disease | |||||
Family history of chronic disease | |||||
Infectious disease | |||||
Fever | |||||
Autoimmune disease | |||||
Urinary symptoms | |||||
Sexual problems | |||||
Sleep disturbance | |||||
Biomarkers of health | |||||
Nephrology (e.g. creatinine, albumin) | |||||
Thyroid hormones | |||||
Inflammatory markers (e.g. C-reactive protein cytokines) | |||||
Immunologic markers (e.g. immunoglobulines) | |||||
Cortisol | |||||
Vitamines and micronutrients | |||||
Gonadal axis hormones (e.g. testosterone, estradiol) | |||||
Metabolism (e.g. cholesterol, LDL, HDL, insulin, triglycerides) | |||||
Metabolomics | |||||
DNA methylation | |||||
Transcriptomics (mRNA, miRNA) | |||||
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) |
Maternal biological samples | ---------- Timing of sampling ---------- | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | First trimester | Second trimester | Third trimester | Post pregnancy | |
Breast milk | X | ||||
Whole blood | X | ||||
Serum | X | ||||
Plasma | |||||
Buffy coat | |||||
Urine | |||||
Hair | |||||
Nails | |||||
Saliva | |||||
Purified DNA | |||||
Purified RNA | |||||
Red blood cells | |||||
Faeces |
General information | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | During pregnancy | <1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
Education | X | X | |||||||||||||||||||
Income | |||||||||||||||||||||
Employment status | |||||||||||||||||||||
Job title | |||||||||||||||||||||
Single parenthood | |||||||||||||||||||||
Home address | |||||||||||||||||||||
Work address |
Paternal characteristics related to the index pregnancy/child | |
---|---|
Fertility treatment | |
Age at child's birth | |
Ethnicity | X |
Country of birth |
Paternal exposures | ---------- Timing of assessment ---------- | ||
---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | During pregnancy | Post pregnancy | |
Diet | |||
Dietary supplements | |||
Active smoking | X | X | X |
Passive smoking | X | X | |
Alcohol consumption | X | X | |
Physical activity | |||
Substance use | |||
Medicine intake | |||
Coffee drinking | |||
Psychological distress (e.g. life-events, health behaviors, perceived stress) | |||
Occupational exposures | |||
Heavy lifts | |||
Work hours | |||
Air pollution | |||
Access to green spaces | |||
Built environment | |||
Noise | |||
Radiation, electromagnetic fields | |||
Water contamination | |||
Binge drinking | |||
Pets | |||
Farm animal exposure | |||
Biomarkers of exposure | |||
Mercury | |||
Lead | |||
Cadmium | |||
Arsenic | |||
Other metals | |||
Polychlorinated biphenyl esters | |||
Dicloro difenil tricloroetano | |||
Hexachlorobenzene | |||
Brominated flame retardants | |||
Perflouralkyl compounds | |||
Bisphenol A | |||
Other bisphenols | |||
Parabens | |||
Benzophenones | |||
Triclosan | |||
Phthalates | |||
Cotinine |
Paternal health | ---------- Timing of assessment ---------- | ||
---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | During pregnancy | Post pregnancy | |
Anthropometry | |||
Weight | |||
Height | |||
Waist circumference | |||
Clinical examinations | |||
Blood pressure | |||
Carotida intima media thickness | |||
Pulse wave velocity | |||
DEXA scans | |||
Bio impedence | |||
Mental and neurological development | |||
Mental health | |||
Cognitive function (e.g. intelligence quotient) | |||
Respiratory health | |||
Asthma | |||
Allergy | |||
Musculo‐skeletal disease | |||
Back pain | |||
Neck pain | |||
Arthritis | |||
Other health outcomes | |||
Cancer | |||
Diabetes | |||
Cardio‐vascular disease | |||
Family history of chronic disease | |||
Infectious disease | |||
Fever | |||
Autoimmune disease | |||
Urinary symptoms | |||
Sexual problems | |||
Sleep disturbance | |||
Biomarkers of health | |||
Nephrology (e.g. creatinine, albumin) | |||
Thyroid hormones | |||
Inflammatory markers (e.g. C-reactive protein cytokines) | |||
Immunologic markers (e.g. immunoglobulines) | |||
Cortisol | |||
Vitamines and micronutrients | |||
Gonadal axis hormones (e.g. testosterone, estradiol) | |||
Metabolism (e.g. cholesterol, LDL, HDL, insulin, triglycerides) | |||
Metabolomics | |||
DNA methylation | |||
Transcriptomics (mRNA, miRNA) | |||
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) |
Paternal biological samples | ---------- Timing of sampling ---------- | ||
---|---|---|---|
Pre-pregnancy | During pregnancy | Post pregnancy | |
Semen | |||
Whole blood | |||
Serum | |||
Plasma | |||
Buffy coat | |||
Urine | |||
Hair | |||
Nails | |||
Saliva | |||
Purified DNA | |||
Purified RNA | |||
Red blood cells | |||
Faeces |
Comments and ideas